Curriculum
Programming Fundamentals
Web Development
Database
Version Control
Emerging Technologies
100 practice question(s) with answers.
A formal language with rules for giving instructions to a computer.
Compiled languages are translated fully first; interpreted ones run line by line.
C and C++.
Python and JavaScript.
A named storage location that holds a value.
The kind of data a variable can store, such as int, float, string.
A whole number without a fractional part.
A number with a fractional part, such as 3.14.
A sequence of characters, such as hello.
A value that is either true or false.
A value that cannot be changed after it is set.
A symbol that performs an operation, such as + or -.
Operators for math, such as +, -, *, /, %.
Operators that compare values, such as ==, !=, >, <.
Operators such as AND, OR, NOT used in conditions.
Code that runs only when a condition is true, e.g., if else.
A block of code that repeats while a condition holds.
A loop with a counter: initialise, check, run, update.
A loop that runs as long as its condition is true.
A loop with no way to become false, which runs forever.
A reusable block of code that does a specific task.
Inputs passed to a function when calling it.
The result a function sends back to its caller.
A collection of values of the same type stored together.
The position of an element in an array, starting from 0 in most languages.
An array of arrays, like a matrix or grid.
A built-in operation on strings, such as length or substring.
A LIFO data structure where the last item added is removed first.
A FIFO data structure where the first item added is removed first.
A sequence of nodes where each node points to the next.
A hierarchical structure with a root and child nodes.
A tree where each node has at most two children.
Nodes connected by edges, used for networks and relationships.
A structure that maps keys to values for fast lookup.
Arranging data in a defined order, such as ascending or descending.
Finding a value within a data structure.
Searching a sorted list by halving the range each step.
A function that calls itself to solve a smaller version of the problem.
The condition that stops the recursion.
Arrays have fixed contiguous storage and fast index access; linked lists are dynamic with pointer links.
An organised collection of data stored and accessed electronically.
A language used to query and manage relational databases.
A collection of rows and columns holding related data.
A column or set that uniquely identifies each row, never null.
A column that links to a primary key in another table.
A structure that speeds up data retrieval.
An SQL statement used to read data from a table.
Adds a new row to a table.
Changes existing rows in a table.
Removes rows from a table.
Filters rows that match a condition.
Sorts query results by a column.
A function like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN that summarises data.
Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.
Returns only rows with matching values in both tables.
Returns all rows from the left table and matches from the right.
WHERE filters rows before grouping; HAVING filters groups after aggregation.
Groups rows that share a value for aggregate calculation.
An attack that inserts malicious SQL through user input.
Use prepared statements and parameterised queries.
Software that manages hardware and software resources.
Process management, memory, files, devices and security.
A running program instance.
The smallest unit of execution within a process.
Processes have separate memory; threads share memory within a process.
The structure that organises and stores files on storage.
Random Access Memory, fast temporary storage for running data.
Using disk space as extra memory when RAM is full.
A state where processes wait on each other and cannot continue.
Connected devices that can exchange data.
A unique address that identifies a device on a network.
A device that forwards data between networks.
The core protocols that govern internet communication.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol used to request web pages.
HTTP with encryption for secure communication.
The system that translates domain names into IP addresses.
Clients request services and servers provide them.
TCP is reliable and connection-oriented; UDP is faster but less reliable.
A number identifying a specific service on a device.
A security system that filters network traffic.
The markup language that structures web pages.
The language that styles and lays out web pages.
A language that adds interactivity to web pages.
Software that requests and displays web pages.
Software that serves web pages to clients.
A developer who works on both frontend and backend.
Frontend is the user interface; backend is the server and data logic.
A set of rules that lets software talk to other software.
A lightweight text format for exchanging data.
A markup format used for structured data exchange.
A system that tracks changes to files over time.
A popular version control system.
A hosting platform for Git repositories.
A saved snapshot of changes in Git.
A separate line of development in Git.
Combining changes from one branch into another.
Delivering computing services over the internet.
Virtual machines such as AWS EC2.
Platform as a Service, where the platform is managed, e.g., Heroku.
Software as a Service, delivered online, e.g., Google Docs.
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